An infection is the invasion of disease-causing agents into an organism's body tissues, their replication, and the host tissues' response to the infectious agents and the toxins they create. An infectious disease, also known as a transmissible or communicable disease, is a condition caused by an infection. Infections can be caused by a variety of pathogens, the most common of which are bacteria and viruses, but there are also other forms. The immune system of hosts will help those combat infections. Mammalian hosts respond to infections with an innate, often inflammatory, response, which is followed by an adaptive response. The identification of genomic variants is referred to as molecular diagnostics, and it aims to make detection, diagnosis, sub-classification, prognosis, and tracking response to therapy easier. Molecular diagnostics is the result of a fruitful collaboration between laboratory medicine, genomics expertise, and technology in the field of molecular genetics, especially with recent breakthroughs in molecular genomic technologies. In the last decade, molecular diagnostics has experienced rapid development and growth. The integration of emerging technology and the application of new high-complexity tests into the clinical molecular diagnostics laboratory have been crucial in advancing toward the objective of precision medicine. Molecular testing tests have many benefits over serologic methods in the emergency room. For the acutely ill patient, molecular methods specifically assay for the presence of the microorganism at the moment the specimen is collected, which is ideal. Even for immunoglobulin M tests, serologic methods assay for an antibody response to the microorganism typically require at least a week of symptoms. Patients who are immune-compromised or immune-suppressed often fail to mount an adequate antibody response. As a result, testing a patient early in the course of the disease or testing a patient with immune dysregulation would often result in false-negative results for serologic assays. If the assay can be done locally, molecular methods can also provide a faster aetiology diagnosis than culture, with results available within hours. Many infectious agents are difficult to culture (e.g., Mycoplasma pneumoniae) or fastidious (e.g., Bordetella pertussis), resulting in a high rate of false-negative outcomes. Those who are interested to publish their article in our journal, they can submit it either send it as an email attachment to this below given mail id or submit it online through given link: https://www.longdom.org/submissions/medical-surgical-pathology.html Media Contact: John Robert Journal of Medical and Surgical Pathology Email: surgpathology@emedsci.com ISSN: 2472-4971 | NLM ID: 101245791